Journal: iScience

Article Title: Hyaluronic acid and folic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles delivering sulforaphane suppress NSCLC via SPI1/miR-616-5p axis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116293

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPI1 regulates NSCLC cell viability and proliferation (A–C) Western blot analysis of transfection efficiency for SPI1 overexpression and knockdown ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates). (D) CCK-8 assay assessing the effects of SPI1 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC cell viability ( n = 6, n represents biological replicates). (E) Colony formation assay evaluating the impact of SPI1 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC cell proliferation ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates). Data are represented as mean ± SD. p values are based on a one-way ANOVA test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Specific short hairpin RNA targeting SPI1 (sh-SPI1) and the SPI1 overexpression construct (OE-SPI1) were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, Over Expression, Knockdown, CCK-8 Assay, Colony Assay

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Hyaluronic acid and folic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles delivering sulforaphane suppress NSCLC via SPI1/miR-616-5p axis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116293

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPI1 regulates NSCLC cell migration, invasion, and EMT (A) Transwell assay assessing the effects of SPI1 on cell migration and invasion ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates), scale bars, 200 μm. (B) Western blot analysis of the impact of SPI1 on the expression levels of EMT-related proteins (N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and vimentin, n = 3, n represents biological replicates). Data are represented as mean ± SD. p values are based on a one-way ANOVA test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. Ⅰ, N-cadherin. Ⅱ, E-cadherin. Ⅲ, vimentin. Ⅳ, GAPDH.

Article Snippet: Specific short hairpin RNA targeting SPI1 (sh-SPI1) and the SPI1 overexpression construct (OE-SPI1) were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Migration, Transwell Assay, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Hyaluronic acid and folic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles delivering sulforaphane suppress NSCLC via SPI1/miR-616-5p axis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116293

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPI1 promotes NSCLC cell invasion and migration by transcriptionally regulating miR-616-5p (A and B) RT-PCR analysis of miR-616-5p expression following SPI1 overexpression or knockdown ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates). (C–E) Transwell assay evaluating cell migration and invasion ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates), scale bars, 200 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SD. p values are based on a one-way ANOVA test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Specific short hairpin RNA targeting SPI1 (sh-SPI1) and the SPI1 overexpression construct (OE-SPI1) were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Migration, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Over Expression, Knockdown, Transwell Assay

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Hyaluronic acid and folic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles delivering sulforaphane suppress NSCLC via SPI1/miR-616-5p axis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116293

Figure Lengend Snippet: SF downregulates miR-616-5p activity by directly binding to and inhibiting SPI1 (A) Molecular docking analysis of SF with SPI1. (B) SPRi binding curve of SF to SPI1. (C and D) Western blot analysis of SPI1 expression in cells ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates). (E) RT-PCR analysis of miR-616-5p expression in cells ( n = 3, n represents biological replicates). Data are represented as mean ± SD. p values are based on a one-way ANOVA test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Specific short hairpin RNA targeting SPI1 (sh-SPI1) and the SPI1 overexpression construct (OE-SPI1) were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Binding Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Hyaluronic acid and folic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles delivering sulforaphane suppress NSCLC via SPI1/miR-616-5p axis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116293

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo targeting and anti-NSCLC efficacy of MSNs@SF-HA-FA (A) In vivo fluorescence imaging analysis ( n = 5, n represents the number of mice). (B) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of major organs ( n = 5, n represents the number of mice). (C) Images of lung tumor tissues from mice ( n = 5, n represents the number of mice). (D) H&E-stained images and immunohistochemical analysis of SPI1 expression in xenograft tumors ( n = 5, n represents the number of mice), scale bars, 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Specific short hairpin RNA targeting SPI1 (sh-SPI1) and the SPI1 overexpression construct (OE-SPI1) were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Fluorescence, Imaging, Ex Vivo, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: CDX2-UPK1B-PIK3IP1-PI3K/AKT signaling axis regulates gastric cancer cell invasion and migration and influences patient prognosis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metastasis-related 12-gene signature, and identification of UPK1B and CGB5 as independent prognostic markers associated with advanced metastatic GC. (A) Venn diagram showing the intersection of genes upregulated in N1-3 stage and M1 stage GC tissues. (B) LASSO Cox regression analysis based on TCGA-STAD data identified a metastasis-associated prognostic risk signature. LASSO coefficient profiles of the signature genes in the merged dataset are shown (top) and the coefficient profile plot is generated against the log(λ) sequence (bottom). (C) The high-risk group of patients with GC exhibited a poor prognosis (overall survival). High expression of (D) CGB5 and (E) UPK1B was associated with poor overall survival in patients with GC based on data from the TCGA-STAD cohort. (F) Elevated UPK1B expression predicted poor prognosis (overall survival) of patients with GC in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. UPK1B expression was increased in (G) M1 compared with M0 and in (H) N2 metastatic stage GC tissues compared with N0 stage. UPK1B, uroplakin 1B; CGB5, chorionic gonadotropin subunit β-5; GC, gastric cancer; LASSO, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; TCGA-STAD, The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; TPM, transcripts per million.

Article Snippet: For gene knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with a GV493 short hairpin RNA (sh) plasmid targeting UPK1B ( ) or a negative control scrambled plasmid (sh-NC), both obtained from GeneChem, Inc.

Techniques: Generated, Sequencing, Expressing, Selection

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: CDX2-UPK1B-PIK3IP1-PI3K/AKT signaling axis regulates gastric cancer cell invasion and migration and influences patient prognosis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13179

Figure Lengend Snippet: UPK1B drives GC cell invasion and migration in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. (A) Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that genes upregulated in the UPK1B-high group were enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway. (B) Protein levels of UPK1B in GC cell lines. (C) Knockdown of UPK1B reduced PI3K/AKT activation in MKN45 cells. Silencing UPK1B suppressed the (D) migration/invasion capacity and (E) wound closure rate of MKN45 cells. (F) Overexpression of UPK1B enhanced PI3K/AKT pathway activation in AGS cells, which was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling reversed UPK1B-induced (G) migration/invasion capacity and (H) wound closure rate of AGS cells. UPK1B, uroplakin 1B; GC, gastric cancer; p-, phosphorylated; sh, short hairpin RNA; NC, negative control; OE, overexpression.

Article Snippet: For gene knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with a GV493 short hairpin RNA (sh) plasmid targeting UPK1B ( ) or a negative control scrambled plasmid (sh-NC), both obtained from GeneChem, Inc.

Techniques: Migration, Knockdown, Activation Assay, Over Expression, Inhibition, shRNA, Negative Control

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: CDX2-UPK1B-PIK3IP1-PI3K/AKT signaling axis regulates gastric cancer cell invasion and migration and influences patient prognosis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13179

Figure Lengend Snippet: CDX2 acts as a transcriptional repressor of UPK1B and its high expression is associated with favorable prognosis of patients with GC. (A) Venn diagram showing overlapping predicted transcriptional regulators of UPK1B from ChEA and ChEA3 databases. (B) Knockdown of CDX2 in AGS cells resulted in increased UPK1B (C) mRNA and (D) protein expression. (E) Overexpression of CDX2 in MKN45 cells reduced UPK1B protein levels. Data from (F) The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma cohort and (G) the Kaplan-Meier plotter database indicated that high CDX2 expression was associated with improved prognosis of patients with GC. UPK1B, uroplakin 1B; GC, gastric cancer; si, small interfering RNA; NC, negative control; OE, overexpression; HR, hazard ratio; CDX2, caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2; ChEA, ChIP-X Enrichment Analysis.

Article Snippet: For gene knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with a GV493 short hairpin RNA (sh) plasmid targeting UPK1B ( ) or a negative control scrambled plasmid (sh-NC), both obtained from GeneChem, Inc.

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Over Expression, Small Interfering RNA, Negative Control

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: CDX2-UPK1B-PIK3IP1-PI3K/AKT signaling axis regulates gastric cancer cell invasion and migration and influences patient prognosis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13179

Figure Lengend Snippet: UPK1B activates PI3K/AKT signaling by antagonizing the inhibitory regulator PIK3IP1 in gastric cancer cells. (A) Venn diagram showing that PIK3IP1 was identified as a putative UPK1B-interacting partner based on BioGRID and HIPPIE protein-protein interaction databases. (B) UPK1B and PIK3IP1 co-localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of MKN45 cells. (C) Interaction between UPK1B and PIK3IP1 in MKN45 cells. (D) Knockdown of PIK3IP1 in MKN45 cells. (E) Silencing PIK3IP1 in UPK1B-knockdown MKN45 cells restored PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Knockdown of PIK3IP1 reversed the decrease in (F) migration/invasion and (G) wound-healing capacity in UPK1B-silenced MKN45 cells. UPK1B, uroplakin 1B; p-, phosphorylated; si, small interfering RNA; sh, short hairpin RNA; NC, negative control; PIK3IP1, PI3K inhibitor interacting protein 1; HIPPIE, Human Integrated Protein-Protein Interaction Reference; IP, immunoprecipitation.

Article Snippet: For gene knockdown experiments, cells were transfected with a GV493 short hairpin RNA (sh) plasmid targeting UPK1B ( ) or a negative control scrambled plasmid (sh-NC), both obtained from GeneChem, Inc.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Knockdown, Activation Assay, Migration, Small Interfering RNA, shRNA, Negative Control, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Bone & Joint Research

Article Title: Naringin targets TGF-β1-mediated angiogenesis to enhance the osteogenic effect of induced membrane

doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.155.BJR-2025-0412.R1

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of naringin on the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway-related factors in induced membrane. a) The protein level of TGF-β1, phosphorylated SMAD (p-SMAD)2 and p-SMAD3 was detected by western blot. b) Immunohistochemistry result of TGF-β1, p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3. N = 6/group. Each value was presented as the mean (SD). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs the L-Naringin group.

Article Snippet: Three small interfering RNA sequences targeting TGF-β1 (si-TGF-β1 #1, si-TGF-β1 #2, si-TGF-β1 #3) and a negative control sequence (si-TGF-β1 NC) were synthesized separately by Sangon Biotech (China).

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Control

Journal: Bone & Joint Research

Article Title: Naringin targets TGF-β1-mediated angiogenesis to enhance the osteogenic effect of induced membrane

doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.155.BJR-2025-0412.R1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and transfection efficacy of small interfering RNA targeting transforming growth factor-β1 (si-TGF-β1). a) was the immunofluorescence result of cluster of differentiation (CD)34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). b) EPCs could simultaneously absorb DiI-labelled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (FITC-UEA-I). Scale bar: 100 μm. c) Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the silencing effect of si-TGF-β1 #1, #2 and #3. N = 5/group. d) Western blot was used to validate the silencing effect of si-TGF-β1 #1, #2 and #3. N = 5/group. Each value was presented as the mean (SD). ***p < 0.001 vs the si-TGF-β1 negative control (NC) group; ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs the si-TGF-β1 #2 group.

Article Snippet: Three small interfering RNA sequences targeting TGF-β1 (si-TGF-β1 #1, si-TGF-β1 #2, si-TGF-β1 #3) and a negative control sequence (si-TGF-β1 NC) were synthesized separately by Sangon Biotech (China).

Techniques: Transfection, Small Interfering RNA, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Negative Control

Journal: Bone & Joint Research

Article Title: Naringin targets TGF-β1-mediated angiogenesis to enhance the osteogenic effect of induced membrane

doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.155.BJR-2025-0412.R1

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of naringin on the proliferation and viability of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). a) 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining method was used to detect the effect of naringin on the viability of EPCs at different stages (24, 48, and 72 hours). Scale bar: 100 μm. N = 5/group. b) Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime, China) method was used to detect the effect of naringin on the viability of EPCs at different stages (24, 48, and 72 hours). N = 5/group. Each value was presented as the mean (SD). *p < 0.05, ** p< 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs the small interfering RNA targeting transforming growth factor-β1 (si-TGF-β1) group.

Article Snippet: Three small interfering RNA sequences targeting TGF-β1 (si-TGF-β1 #1, si-TGF-β1 #2, si-TGF-β1 #3) and a negative control sequence (si-TGF-β1 NC) were synthesized separately by Sangon Biotech (China).

Techniques: Staining, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, Control, Small Interfering RNA

Journal: Bone & Joint Research

Article Title: Naringin targets TGF-β1-mediated angiogenesis to enhance the osteogenic effect of induced membrane

doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.155.BJR-2025-0412.R1

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of naringin on the migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). a) Scratch wound was used to detect the invasion area of EPCs within 24 hours. Scale bar: 200 μm. b) Transwell assay was used to detect the number of migrated EPCs at 24 hours. Scale bar: 100 μm. c) The tube formation experiment detected the total tube length of EPCs. Scale bar: 100 μm. N = 5/group. Each value was presented as the mean (SD). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the control group; ###p < 0.001 vs the small interfering RNA targeting transforming growth factor-β1 (si-TGF-β1) group.

Article Snippet: Three small interfering RNA sequences targeting TGF-β1 (si-TGF-β1 #1, si-TGF-β1 #2, si-TGF-β1 #3) and a negative control sequence (si-TGF-β1 NC) were synthesized separately by Sangon Biotech (China).

Techniques: Migration, Transwell Assay, Control, Small Interfering RNA

Journal: Bone & Joint Research

Article Title: Naringin targets TGF-β1-mediated angiogenesis to enhance the osteogenic effect of induced membrane

doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.155.BJR-2025-0412.R1

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of naringin on angiogenic-osteogenic and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway-related factors of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). a) The concentrations of platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) in the supernatant of EPCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. b) Alizarin red staining (ARS) was performed to detect mineralized nodules in osteoblasts. Scale bar: 50 μm. c) The protein level of p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3 in EPCs was detected by western blot. d) was the immunofluorescence result of p-SMAD2. Scale bar: 100 μm. N = 5/group. Each value was presented as the mean (SD). ***p < 0.001 vs the control group; ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs the small interfering RNA targeting transforming growth factor-β1 (si-TGF-β1) group.

Article Snippet: Three small interfering RNA sequences targeting TGF-β1 (si-TGF-β1 #1, si-TGF-β1 #2, si-TGF-β1 #3) and a negative control sequence (si-TGF-β1 NC) were synthesized separately by Sangon Biotech (China).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Control, Small Interfering RNA

Journal: Bone & Joint Research

Article Title: Naringin targets TGF-β1-mediated angiogenesis to enhance the osteogenic effect of induced membrane

doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.155.BJR-2025-0412.R1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interactions between naringin and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). a) The basic chemical structure of naringin. b) 3D and 2D molecular docking patterns of naringin with TGF-β1. c) to g) Results of molecular dynamics simulation analysis illustrating root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and hydrogen-bond number for the TGF-β1-naringin complexes. h) Representative images of cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) showing TGF-β1 thermal stability after naringin treatment. i) CETSA curve was performed using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, USA). N = 5/group. Each value was presented as the mean (SD). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group.

Article Snippet: Three small interfering RNA sequences targeting TGF-β1 (si-TGF-β1 #1, si-TGF-β1 #2, si-TGF-β1 #3) and a negative control sequence (si-TGF-β1 NC) were synthesized separately by Sangon Biotech (China).

Techniques: Solvent, Thermal Shift Assay, Software